#) What do you mean by generation of computers? What technology characterizes the 2nd and 3rd generation of computers? How the limitations of 2nd gene

#) What do you mean by generation of computers? What technology characterizes the 2nd and 3rd generation of computers? How the limitations of 2nd generation computer were addressed by the 3rd generation?
Ans: Evolution of computer is divided into five phases (generation) under the development and improvement in different factors is known as generation. and some of the important factors are: Speed , Storage capacity, Reliability, Cost reduction
SECOND GENERATION
1959-1964
Used transistors (invented-1947, used in computer-1959, electronic switching device)
Transistor=transfer + resistor( Bell Lab-> John Burdeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley-> Nobel prize 1956
Speed (micro seconds)
High level language i.e. COBOL, BASIC
Magnetic core memory (as internal storage)
Magnetic tapes for secondary storage
Input & output devices faster
IBM 1400, 400 series, NCR 315,
Smaller (How?), cheaper, more reliable
Specialized (scientific, non-scientific)
THIRD GENERATION
1965-1974
IC( by Jack Kilby,1958) used (as electronic circuitry) silicon
Monitors (video display terminals introduced) and keyboards for data out put and input.
Semi conductor memory instead of magnetic core memory (high memory capacity)
Mini computers introduced
Magnetic disks replaced to magnetic tape
Speed (nanoseconds)
Wide use of high level language PASCAL, RPG(Report Program Generator), COBOL, FORTRAN
IBM systemt/360, NCR (century series)
Generalized workSSI (hundreds of transistors) & MSI (thousands of…)